As we age, the normally clear lens within the eye may become cloudy. This cloudiness — a cataract — blocks the passage of light into the eye. Looking through a cataract is like trying to see clearly on a foggy day. As the cataract develops, vision becomes blurry and dim, as less light passes into the eye. Cataracts may eventually cause temporary vision loss. In the early stages, low-vision aids can compensate for these problems. Fortunately, the cloudy lens can be removed and replaced by clear plastic lenses or other devices that restore vision. Cataracts develop without pain or discomfort. Over time, your sight worsens. Changes are most noticeable when driving, reading or watching television. The location and density of cataracts affect how soon and which symptoms appear. Common symptoms are:
Cataracts are a leading cause of temporary vision loss in people over 65. By 75, just about everyone has cataracts, and 50% of people have vision loss. No one knows exactly what causes cataracts, but chemical changes occur as the eyes’ lenses grow cloudy and changes color from crystal blue to dull yellow. Everyone gets some cloudiness as they grow older, but eye injuries or diseases, such as iritis or diabetes, may cause cataracts to form. Cataracts tend to run in families. Occasionally, infants are born with cataracts or develop them shortly after birth. Some may also occur as a result of an accident or a blow to the eye. People overexposed to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight over many years, who smoke cigarettes or who use certain medications (such as corticosteroids for arthritis, certain tranquilizers or diuretics), are more likely to get cataracts. Three types of cataracts can disrupt your vision. Each is found at a different location in the eye’s lens.
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